Ionic Bonds

Lesson Overview:
-Ionic bonds are bonds made from sharing electrons which have to be ions of opposite charges
-Learning how to name compounds with metals and nonmetals
-Learning how to name compounds with transitional metals and nonmetals
-A short lesson on polyatomic ions

 

 Vocabulary:
Ion- charged particles
Cation- positively charged ion
Anion- negatively charged ion 

1)Metals and Nonmetals:
   -First element must be metal
   -Second must be a nonmetal
   -When naming the whole compound, the second element (the nonmetal) must be changed to have an -ide at the end. (e.g. fluoride, oxide, etc.)
   -Charges have to cancel out

   Examples:
   -Naming
      NaBr= sodium bromide
      CaF2= calcium flouride
      BaO= Barium Oxide
   -Writing into Compounds
      Potassium Chloride= KCl (Potassium has a charge of 1+, and Chlorine has a charge of 1-)
      Sodium Sulfide= Na2S (Since sodium has charge of 1+, it needs two to balance with the sulfide which has a charge of 2-)

2)Transitional Metals and Nonmetals:
   -First element must be a transition metal
   -Second element must be a nonmetal
   -Transitional metals can have more than one type of charge, and they are represented by roman numerals. (e.g Cobalt has both a 2+ and 3+ type of charge, so Cobalt (II) and Cobalt (III)- respectively)
   -The first must be listed with a roman numeral which represents the charge. It is not a subscript!
   -Charges must cancel and the second element still has to end in -ide

   Example:
   -Naming
     FeBr3= Iron (III) Bromide (Since there are three bromide which combine to make a total charge of -3, there has to be be an iron with a charge of +3)
     NiS= Nickel (II) Sulfide (Sulfide has a charge of -2, so the nickel also needs to balance out the charges with a charge of +2)
   -Writing into Compounds
     Copper (I) Chloride= CuCl (Copper has a charge of +1, and chloride has a charge of -1)
     Iron (III) Oxide= Fe2O3 (since this iron has a charge of +3 and the oxygen has a charge of -2, there has to be a common multiple. So, there would have to be 2 iron molecules and 3 oxygen molecules)

3) Polyatomic Ions
   -combining atoms that carry a charge
   -The big eight to memorize
      Sulfate= SO4 (charge: 2-)
      Hydroxide= OH (charge: 1-)
      Ammonium= NH4 (charge: +1)
      Nitrate= NO3 (charge: 1-)
      Carbonate= CO3 (charge: 2-)
      Acetate= C2H3O2 (charge: 1-)
      Phosphate= PO4 (charge: 3-)
      Bicarbonate= Hydrogen Carbonate= HCO3 (charge 1-)

   Examples:
   -Formula
      Ammonium Sulfate=(NH4)2SO4
        Since Ammonium is NH4 with a charge of +1 and sulfate is So4 with a charge of 2-, there has to be be two ammonium ions. To represent two ammonium ions, put the ammonium in parenthesis and write another subscript.
      Iron Nitrate= Fe(NO3)3
        Iron has a charge of 3+ and nitrate has a charge of -1, so there has to be three nitrate ions to balance out with the 3+ charge of iron. 

The next scribe will be: Danielle S.